The Moscow Kremlin is one of the most iconic and historically significant landmarks in Russia. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Kremlin has been the political and cultural heart of Russia for centuries. It serves as the residence of the Russian president and is home to some of the country’s most important historical monuments. For any visitor to Moscow, a trip to the Kremlin is a must. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know to make the most of your visit to the Moscow Kremlin.
1. What is the Moscow Kremlin?
The Moscow Kremlin is a fortified complex located in the center of Moscow along the banks of the Moscow River. Originally built in the 2nd century as a fortress, it has evolved into the center of Russian power, serving as the residence of Russian tsars, Soviet leaders, and today, the Russian president. The Kremlin includes several important buildings, churches, and museums, all showcasing Russia’s rich history and heritage.
Key Features of the Kremlin:
- Kremlin Walls and Towers: The complex is surrounded by high red-brick walls and 19 towers, each with its own history and purpose.
- The Kremlin Palace: The official residence of the Russian president, although it’s not open to the public.
- Cathedrals and Churches: Including the Assumption Cathedral and the Annunciation Cathedral, both of which were used for coronations and religious ceremonies.
- Historical Artifacts: The Kremlin houses valuable collections of imperial treasures, including the famous Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon.
2. How to Get There
Location
The Moscow Kremlin is located in the heart of Moscow, just across from Red Square. Its central location makes it easily accessible from various parts of the city. The Kremlin is surrounded by Manezhnaya Square, Red Square, and the Moscow River, all within walking distance.
By Metro
- The closest metro station is Biblioteka imeni Lenina on the Brown Line (Line 1).
- Another nearby station is Kievskaya (on the Blue Line), which is just a short walk away.
- The Borovitskaya station (on the Green Line) is also close to the Kremlin.
By Foot
If you’re already in Red Square, the Kremlin is just a short walk away.
3. When to Visit the Kremlin
Best Time to Visit
- Early Morning or Late Afternoon: The Kremlin is very popular, and it can get crowded, especially during the middle of the day. If possible, try to visit early in the morning right when it opens or later in the afternoon to avoid the crowds.
- Weekdays: If you want a quieter experience, try to visit on a weekday, as weekends can be busier with both tourists and locals.
Seasons
- Spring and Fall: These are considered the best seasons to visit, as the weather is usually mild, and the crowds are not as large as in summer.
- Winter: Moscow winters are cold, but the Kremlin looks stunning under a blanket of snow. There are fewer tourists during winter, so you can enjoy a quieter visit, although it’s essential to dress warmly.
4. Opening Hours and Ticket Information
Opening Hours
- The Kremlin is open every day except Thursday (closed for maintenance).
- Ticket Office Hours: The ticket office usually opens at 10:00 AM and closes at 5:00 PM, with the last entry allowed an hour before closing.
Ticket Prices
- The price varies depending on which parts of the Kremlin you wish to visit. Tickets to enter the Kremlin Complex (which includes the Kremlin Walls, Towers, and Cathedral Square) are available at the ticket office.
- The Armory Chamber and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower require separate tickets.
- Discounted Tickets: Tickets may be discounted for students, children, and senior citizens.
- It’s a good idea to buy tickets in advance during high season, as the Kremlin can get busy.
Guided Tours
- Guided tours are available in multiple languages, including English, and are a great way to learn more about the history and significance of each section of the Kremlin. You can book a guided tour in advance or at the ticket office.
5. What to See in the Kremlin
The Kremlin is full of historical buildings, cathedrals, and museums, each offering unique insights into Russia’s past. Here are the must-see sights:
The Kremlin Walls and Towers
- The Kremlin’s walls and 19 towers are one of its most prominent features. The most famous towers are the Spasskaya Tower, the Troitskaya Tower, and the Kutafya Tower. You can walk along certain sections of the walls and enjoy views of Red Square, the Kremlin gardens, and the Moscow River.
Cathedral Square
- The heart of the Kremlin complex, Cathedral Square, is home to several stunning Orthodox cathedrals, including the Assumption Cathedral, the Annunciation Cathedral, and the Archangel Cathedral. These cathedrals were used for royal coronations and religious ceremonies.
- Assumption Cathedral: This cathedral is the most important of all the Kremlin cathedrals and was the site of tsar coronations. Admire its beautiful frescoes and iconostasis.
The Armory Chamber
- The Armory Chamber houses an incredible collection of imperial treasures, including royal regalia, costumes, weapons, and other artifacts from Russia’s history. It’s also home to the famous monstrous gold scepters and the royal Fabergé eggs.
- Ticket Required: This is one of the most famous museums in the Kremlin, and you’ll need a separate ticket to enter.
Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon
- Located near the Kremlin walls, the Tsar Bell is the largest bell in the world, and the Tsar Cannon is one of the biggest cannons ever built. These two historical monuments are symbols of Russian power and craftsmanship.
Ivan the Great Bell Tower
- The Ivan the Great Bell Tower offers a panoramic view of Moscow from its top. It’s the tallest structure in the Kremlin and provides excellent photo opportunities. It’s open to visitors with a separate ticket.
The Patriarch’s Palace and The Church of the Twelve Apostles
- These beautiful structures are located within the Kremlin grounds. The Patriarch’s Palace was once the residence of the Russian Patriarch and features a gorgeous baroque style interior.
- The Church of the Twelve Apostles is nearby and is known for its beautiful frescoes and intricate design.
6. Tips for Visiting the Kremlin
- Wear Comfortable Shoes: You’ll be doing a lot of walking, so wear comfortable shoes as the Kremlin grounds are large, and the buildings are spread out.
- Security Checks: Expect to go through a security screening at the entrance. There are metal detectors, so make sure to avoid carrying prohibited items like large bags or sharp objects.
- Don’t Rush: The Kremlin is large and full of history, so take your time to explore each building and enjoy the surroundings. It’s a great place to learn about Russian history.
- Photography: Photography is allowed in most areas of the Kremlin, but be mindful of restrictions in certain locations (such as the Armory Chamber). Flash photography is usually prohibited inside museums and cathedrals.
- Language: While many signs are in English, having a basic understanding of Russian or a translation app can be helpful for reading more detailed information about the exhibits.
7. What to Do Nearby
While you’re in the area, there are plenty of other iconic sights to explore near the Kremlin:
- Red Square: Just across the road, you can visit St. Basil’s Cathedral, Lenin’s Mausoleum, and the GUM department store.
- Zaryadye Park: Right behind the Kremlin, this modern park offers incredible views of Moscow and Red Square, as well as a unique floating bridge.
- Bolshoi Theatre: For lovers of opera and ballet, the Bolshoi Theatre is a short walk away, offering world-class performances.
Conclusion
The Moscow Kremlin is a historic treasure trove, offering visitors a chance to immerse themselves in Russia’s rich past, from its royal beginnings to the Soviet era. Whether you’re admiring the cathedrals in Cathedral Square, marveling at the Tsar Bell, or exploring the Armory Chamber, you’re sure to leave with a deeper understanding of Russia’s power, culture, and history. Follow this guide to make the most of your visit to the Kremlin and ensure a memorable experience in Moscow.
