Located just outside Saint Petersburg, Tsarskoye Selo (now known as Pushkin) is one of the most iconic and historically significant sites in Russia. Famous for its beautiful imperial palaces and lush, meticulously designed gardens, Tsarskoye Selo has long been a favorite retreat of Russian royalty. The gardens, which surround the stunning Catherine Palace and the more intimate Alexander Palace, are masterpieces of landscape design and represent the opulence of the Russian Empire at its height.
In this guide, we’ll take a closer look at the imperial gardens of Tsarskoye Selo, exploring their history, design, and what makes them such a breathtaking destination for nature lovers, history enthusiasts, and visitors interested in Russia’s royal past.
1. History of Tsarskoye Selo and Its Gardens
The Birth of Tsarskoye Selo as a Royal Retreat
Tsarskoye Selo began as a small estate granted to Empress Elizabeth of Russia in the 18th century. However, it was her successor, Catherine the Great, who transformed the area into an imperial residence. She commissioned the construction of the grand Catherine Palace, designed by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, and set about creating expansive gardens to complement the palace’s beauty.
Over the years, successive Russian emperors added their own touches to the estate, further enhancing the gardens with fountains, statues, and floral displays. The gardens were designed to impress, reflecting the grandeur and power of the Russian Empire. As a result, Tsarskoye Selo became not just a royal residence but a cultural and architectural symbol of Russia’s imperial past.
2. The Catherine Palace Gardens
The Grandeur of the Baroque Garden
The Catherine Palace, the largest and most famous structure in Tsarskoye Selo, is surrounded by a magnificent garden that complements the palace’s opulent Baroque style. The garden, with its wide avenues, geometric design, and carefully curated flowerbeds, embodies the grandeur and elegance of the 18th century. Designed by renowned landscape architect André Le Nôtre, the garden reflects the French influence on Russian imperial tastes during Catherine the Great’s reign.
The Catherine Palace Garden consists of several distinct sections, including:
- The Upper Garden: A formal space with symmetrical pathways, trimmed hedges, and intricate flowerbeds. The Upper Garden serves as a grand entrance to the palace and features various statues and decorative elements.
- The Lower Garden: Situated near the Great Pond, the Lower Garden offers a more relaxed atmosphere with winding paths, expansive lawns, and tranquil water features. It is a perfect spot for a leisurely stroll or to enjoy the scenic views of the palace.
- The Fountains: The garden is home to several fountains that create a sense of movement and water in the landscape. The Samson Fountain, in particular, is a stunning feature, symbolizing Russia’s victory over Sweden in the Great Northern War. The fountain features a powerful statue of Samson fighting a lion, sending water into a basin below.
Must-See Highlights of the Catherine Palace Gardens
- The Grand Cascade: A series of fountains that cascade down to the Lower Garden, creating a stunning visual spectacle.
- The Samson Fountain: The centerpiece of the Lower Garden, depicting the biblical Samson defeating a lion.
- The Sculptures: Several classical statues and busts dot the gardens, adding a touch of grandeur and historical significance to the landscape.
Insider Tip: The Catherine Palace gardens are especially beautiful during spring and summer when the flowers are in full bloom and the fountains are running. Make sure to visit in the late afternoon to enjoy the gardens in soft, golden light.
3. The Alexander Palace Gardens
A More Intimate and Serene Garden
While the Catherine Palace is known for its grandeur and imposing architecture, the Alexander Palace offers a more intimate experience, and its gardens reflect this in their more natural and tranquil design. Built for Emperor Paul I and his family, the Alexander Palace was intended as a royal retreat, and its gardens were designed with relaxation and privacy in mind.
The gardens surrounding the Alexander Palace are a mix of formal and naturalistic elements, with winding paths, shaded groves, and scenic views of the Great Pond. The emphasis here is on creating a peaceful, reflective environment that complements the more restrained architecture of the palace itself.
Must-See Highlights of the Alexander Palace Gardens
- The Rotunda: A small circular pavilion located in the garden, offering a place to relax and take in the surrounding beauty.
- The Pavilion of the Turkish Bath: A charming structure in the gardens that reflects the taste for exotic designs in the 19th century, providing a unique historical element.
- The Pond: The large pond near the gardens offers a serene backdrop and is ideal for peaceful walks or boat rides during the summer months.
Insider Tip: The gardens around the Alexander Palace are often quieter than the Catherine Palace gardens, making it an ideal spot for those seeking peace and solitude. Take a slow stroll and enjoy the atmosphere of this secluded, royal retreat.
4. The Cameron Gallery: A Historical and Scenic Walkway
Connecting the Palaces with Art and Nature
The Cameron Gallery, located between the Catherine and Alexander Palaces, is one of the most picturesque parts of Tsarskoye Selo’s gardens. This neoclassical building was designed by Scottish architect Charles Cameron and served as a viewing platform and art gallery for the Russian royal family. The gallery is surrounded by beautiful landscaping, offering stunning views of the surrounding gardens and the Great Pond.
Walking through the gardens near the Cameron Gallery, you’ll encounter a variety of architectural and landscape features, including decorative bridges, classical statues, and scenic pathways that wind through the trees.
Must-See Highlights of the Cameron Gallery Gardens
- The Cameron Gallery: The gallery itself is a beautiful structure, with classic columns and a serene atmosphere. It’s a perfect place to pause and take in the surrounding scenery.
- The View of the Great Pond: From the gallery’s vantage point, you can enjoy spectacular views of the pond and surrounding greenery.
- The Bridges and Pathways: The carefully designed bridges and pathways add a romantic element to the gardens, ideal for leisurely walks.
Insider Tip: The Cameron Gallery is an excellent spot for photos, offering a unique combination of historical architecture and natural beauty. Be sure to visit during the early morning or late evening for the most picturesque light.
5. The Tsarskoye Selo Park: A Vast Green Space for Exploration
A Natural Landscape for Leisure and Reflection
In addition to the formal gardens surrounding the palaces, Tsarskoye Selo also boasts a large park area that offers a more natural landscape for visitors to explore. The park features dense forests, scenic ponds, and open fields, making it a perfect place for a relaxing walk or picnic.
This park was designed as a place where the imperial family could enjoy leisure activities such as horse riding, walking, and outdoor games. Today, visitors can enjoy the tranquil atmosphere and natural beauty of this vast green space, with plenty of opportunities for reflection and exploration.
Must-See Highlights of the Tsarskoye Selo Park
- The Lyceum Park: A beautiful section of the park near the Alexander Palace, where Russia’s future poet Pushkin once studied. The area is filled with historical significance and beautiful views.
- The Twin Ponds: Located near the Alexander Palace, these tranquil ponds offer a peaceful setting for a stroll or to sit and relax by the water.
- The Hermitage Pavilion: A small, charming pavilion located at the edge of the park, offering a peaceful retreat and beautiful views of the surrounding landscape.
Insider Tip: The park’s large size makes it ideal for a longer walk or bike ride. Rent a bike or take a leisurely stroll along the well-maintained paths to fully enjoy the natural beauty and serenity of the area.
6. Practical Information
Getting There and Visiting Tips
Tsarskoye Selo is located about 25 kilometers south of Saint Petersburg and can be reached by public transport, taxi, or car. The estate is open year-round, but the gardens are particularly stunning in the spring and summer when the flowers are in bloom and the fountains are running.
- Address: Tsarskoye Selo, Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Opening Hours: The gardens are open daily, with extended hours during the tourist season (April to October).
- Admission Fees: Entrance to the gardens is generally free, though there are separate fees for visiting the palaces and certain attractions within the park.
Insider Tip: For a more in-depth experience, consider hiring a guide to learn about the history and design of the gardens and the palaces. This will provide greater context and insight into the cultural significance of Tsarskoye Selo.
Conclusion
The imperial gardens of Tsarskoye Selo are an exceptional blend of natural beauty, royal history, and artistic design. From the grand fountains and statues of the Catherine Palace gardens to the tranquil, intimate surroundings of the Alexander Palace gardens, Tsarskoye Selo offers a serene escape into the world of Russian royalty. Whether you’re exploring the opulent grounds, strolling through the peaceful park, or admiring the historical architecture, the gardens of Tsarskoye Selo promise a memorable experience for any visitor.
